In the United States, it was estimated that about 29,000 new cancer cases is due to CT procedures performed in the past (Berrington de González et al., 2009). The variation in patients doses depend on the patient weight, CT modality, and imaging protocol, in additional to the employment of dose saving techniques. reported that patients received wide variation of effective dose ranges from 4.0 mSv up to 139 mSv per procedures (Sulieman et al., 2020 Alkhorayef et al., 2017). CT imaging procedures with contrast exposed patients to higher doses compared to plain CT examinations. Thus the UNCEAR encouraged regular assessment of radiation dose levels for patients during medical examinations and to monitor radiation short and long term effects (UNSCEAR, 2017, Bradley & Wells, 2014). Generally the projected radiation risk depends on the amount of radiation dose and age of the patient at exposure. The United Nation Scientific Committee on the effect of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) reported an increase of cancer probability of radiation doses above 10 mSv–1000 mSv, considering that the average dose of CT procedures is around 10 mSv (UNSCEAR, 2017 Vaz, 2014). The exposure to ionizing radiation may cause biological changes that may lead to cancer induction after certain period of time (latent period). Computed tomography (CT) is the main source of ionizing radiation exposure to general populations and constitute approximately 75% of total effective doses to the public exposure from medical applications (Mettler et al., 2020). Sudan, which Sudan was classified as health level III, has 0.18 mSv collective dose per caput (Suliman et al., 2015, UNSCEAR, 2010). The average global annual effective radiation dose (mSv) per capita is 0.62 while the annual effective dose per capita is 1.91, 0.32,0.03 and 0.03 for countries of health care levels one, two, three and four, respectively (Shannoun, 2015). The cancer risk per procedure should be considered during the justification and image acquisition stages.Įxposure to ionizing radiation from medical sources is increasing annually depending on the health care level of a country. The risk of cancer from the peripheral CT angiography procedures ranges from 1 in 1000 to 1 in 3000 procedures.
The proposed diagnostic reference level (DRL) values are 9 mGy (CTDIvol) and 2500 mGy cm (DLP) per vascular lower limb CT procedure. The overall effective dose average value was 18 mSv per procedure. The overall average and range of volume CT dose index (CTDIvol (mGy) and dose length product (DLP) (mGy.cm) 7.3 (2.3–22.9), and 3000 (279.1–8374.4) the same order.
#KULLO TAMAM SOFTWARE#
CT-Expo and ImPACT CT dose estimation software were used to extrapolate the effective dose. Three CT scanners, 160, 128, and 64 slices CT, were used in this study.
In total, 188 (109 (68%) males and 79 (42%) females) patients undergone vascular CT for the lower limbs at three radiology departments. The purposes of this study are to estimate patient's radiation doses and radiogenic risk in vascular lower limb computed tomography (CT).
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